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The x86 protection model is notoriously complex, with four privilege rings, segmentation, paging, call gates, task switches, and virtual 8086 mode. What's interesting from a hardware perspective is how the 386 manages this complexity on a 275,000-transistor budget. The 386 employs a variety of techniques to implement protection: a dedicated PLA for protection checking, a hardware state machine for page table walks, segment and paging caches, and microcode for everything else.
，这一点在谷歌浏览器【最新下载地址】中也有详细论述
Apple’s new Containerization framework (announced at WWDC 2025) is interesting here. Unlike Docker on Mac, which runs all containers inside a single shared Linux VM, Apple gives each container its own lightweight VM via the Virtualization framework on Apple Silicon. Each container gets its own kernel, its own ext4 filesystem, and its own IP address. It is essentially the microVM model applied to local development, with OCI image compatibility. It is still early, but it collapses the gap between “local development containers” and “properly isolated sandboxes” in a way that Docker Desktop never did.
The NYT Connections puzzle today is not too difficult to solve if you're disloyal.
人读了一本书，不会同时读一百万本；而 AI 在几个月内消化了人类几十年的写作积累，随后以极低的边际成本无限复制输出，规模改变了性质，把两件事等同起来其实并不合理。